初识Docker

install docker on ubuntu

下载安装 http://docs.docker.com/linux/step_one/

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$ wget -qO- https://get.docker.com/ | sh

启动docker

sudo service docker start

验证安装，这个命令将会下载hello-world的image，将运行一个container：

docker run hello-world

如下图

build docker

refer to: http://docs.docker.com/linux/step_four/

edit Dockerfile:

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FROM docker/whalesay:latest
RUN apt-get -y update && apt-get install -y fortunes
CMD /usr/games/fortune -a | cowsay

then build with command:

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docker build -t docker-whale .

tag image, for example:

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docker tag 7d9495d03763 maryatdocker/docker-whale:latest

the use docker login, and the posh the image to docker hub:

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docker push maryatdocker/docker-whale

then you can docker pull your image:

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docker pull yourusername/docker-whale

also you can remove the image by docker rmi

docker command

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docker run         # 运行image
docker ps -a       # list container
docker rm          # 删除 container
docker rmi         # 删除 image
docker images      # list image
docker tag         # 给image打tag
docker login       # 登录到 docker hub
docker push        # 上传image到docker hub
docker pull        # 从docker hub上下载image
docker exec -it angry_poitras /bin/bash
				   # 在正在运行的container中执行命令
docker save        # 将image保存为一个tar包
docker load        # 从tar包，或者stdin加载image
docker commit      # 将container的修改保存为另外一个image
docker cp          # 在container和host之间拷贝文件和目录

例如，这是docker ps的例子：

这是docker rm命令的例子：

container的端口expose或者publish

docker的container中容器的端口expose或者publish到宿主机上, 有一下一些方法：

通过Dockerfile

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EXPOSE 7000-8000

通过docker run command 

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docker run --expose=7000-8000

或者是publish端口

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docker run -p 7000-8000:7000-8000

docker命令设置proxy

Edit /etc/defaults/docker and add the following lines:

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export http_proxy 'http://user:password@proxy-host:proxy-port'
export https_proxy 'http://user:password@proxy-host:proxy-port'
export HTTP_PROXY 'http://user:password@proxy-host:proxy-port'
export HTTPS_PROXY 'http://user:password@proxy-host:proxy-port'

This should allow docker daemon to pull images from the central registry. However, if you need to configure the proxy in the Dockerfile (ie. if you’re using apt-get to install packages), you’ll need to declare it there too.

Add the following lines at the top of your Dockerfile:

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ENV http_proxy 'http://user:password@proxy-host:proxy-port'
ENV https_proxy 'http://user:password@proxy-host:proxy-port'
ENV HTTP_PROXY 'http://user:password@proxy-host:proxy-port'
ENV HTTPS_PROXY 'http://user:password@proxy-host:proxy-port'

With those settings, your container should now build, using the proxy to access the outside world.